| Ref. principal | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Euryhaline, anadromous, possibly wintering near the bottom and out from the coast, approaching the shore in late spring. Feeds opportunistically on fauna other than zooplankton (Ref. 5722). Parasite of the species is known to be Echinorhynchus acus (acanthocephalan) (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Habitats especiais | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Davis, B.M. and J.W. Foltz, 1991 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito de alimentação Ref. | Davis, B.M. and J.W. Foltz, 1991 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.81 | 0.26 | 3.50 | 0.26 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.42 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||