| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabit shallow reef flats. Form schools at midwater to feed on plankton and benthic invertebrates. Also on shallow seamounts. Forage high in the water column (Ref. 4864). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Roberts, C.M. and R.F.G. Ormond, 1992 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.03 | 3.02 | 0.08 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.45 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Hobson, E.S., 1974 | ||||