| Main Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Nocturnal species which occurs inshore (Ref. 75154). Found among corals or in caves (Ref. 9137, 58534). Present in seagrass beds at all life stages. Invertebrate and fish feeders (Ref. 41878). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.89 | 0.40 | 3.67 | 0.51 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Sano, M., M. Shimizu and Y. Nose, 1984 | ||||