| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Heemstra, P.C., 1997 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Demersal (Ref. 122479). Found inshore, on sand or mud bottoms, reefs, estuaries and harbours (Ref. 9800). Also found on rocky substrates (Ref. 107708). Maximum depth for this species is less than 50 m. Feeds on benthic invertebrates. Breeds close inshore during spring (Ref. 9800). Dwells in reefs and shallow coastal bays. Its tolerance to fluctuations in salinity allows it to enter estuaries. Feeds on small crabs, shrimp and marine worms (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | Coral Reefs; |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | |||||
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.74 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |||||