Ecology Summary - Echeneis naucrates

Língua:

Ref. principal	Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987
Notas	Most abundant remora in warm waters (Ref. 4389). Occurs near as well as far from the coast (Ref. 5217). Often found free-swimming in shallow inshore areas and around coral reefs (Refs. 26938, 58534, 9773). Attaches temporarily to a variety of hosts including sharks, rays, large bony fishes or sea turtles, whales, dolphins and also to ships (Also Ref. 9773). May follow divers (Ref. 9710). Feeds on small fishes, bits of its host's prey and host's parasites (Ref. 26938). Juvenile occasionally acts as reef station-based cleaners, where they service parrotfishes (Ref. 40095). Free-swimming or attached to host, most often to sharks. Feeds on zooplankton, benthic organisms and detritus (Ref. 33). Acts as cleaners of several species of reef fishes (Ref. 40095). Sometimes used by natives to aid in fishing; a line is tied to the caudal peduncle of the remora and then is released; upon attaching to another fish, the remora and its host are hauled in by the fisher (Ref. 9682). Inhabits inshore waters as opposed to the offshore habitat of the other members of its family (Ref. 9773).

Ref. principal

Fischer, W., M.-L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.), 1987

Notas

Most abundant remora in warm waters (Ref. 4389). Occurs near as well as far from the coast (Ref. 5217). Often found free-swimming in shallow inshore areas and around coral reefs (Refs. 26938, 58534, 9773). Attaches temporarily to a variety of hosts including sharks, rays, large bony fishes or sea turtles, whales, dolphins and also to ships (Also Ref. 9773). May follow divers (Ref. 9710). Feeds on small fishes, bits of its host's prey and host's parasites (Ref. 26938). Juvenile occasionally acts as reef station-based cleaners, where they service parrotfishes (Ref. 40095). Free-swimming or attached to host, most often to sharks. Feeds on zooplankton, benthic organisms and detritus (Ref. 33). Acts as cleaners of several species of reef fishes (Ref. 40095). Sometimes used by natives to aid in fishing; a line is tied to the caudal peduncle of the remora and then is released; upon attaching to another fish, the remora and its host are hauled in by the fisher (Ref. 9682). Inhabits inshore waters as opposed to the offshore habitat of the other members of its family (Ref. 9773).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	zona supra-litoral zona litoral zona sublitoral	epipelágico mesopelágico epipelágico abissalpelágico hadopelágico	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas mangais pântanos	rios/correntes lagos/lagoas Grutas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Echeneis naucrates may be found.

Habitat

Substrato
Substrato Ref.
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; Other habitats: vertebrates boat hulls;
Habitats especiais Ref.	Broad, G., 2003

Associações

Ref.
Associações	symbiosis;
Associado a
Observações da associação
Parasitism

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Tipo de alimentação Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Hábito alimentar	picking parasites off a host (cleaner)
Hábito alimentar Ref.	Sazima, I., R.L. Moura and M.C.M. Rodrigues, 1999

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta	3.68	0.26	3.31	0.43	Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies.
Dos itens alimentares individuais	3.40	0.45			Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item
Ref.	Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005

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Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Habitat

Associações

Alimentação