| Ref. principal | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Notas | In some areas, it is found to concentrate near rips (usually occurring at interface between different masses of water ) or weed lines. Its differential distribution is also influenced by bottom topography. This species is generally not considered a schooling fish and most often occurs solitarily or in pairs 'tailing' with only the dorsal lobe of their caudal fins showing. However, small schools of 5 to 12 fish are occasionally seen feeding on schools of bait, or tailing, but loose aggregations of numerous fish scattered over fairly large areas are most typical. May school according to size or sex at various seasons of the year. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Habitats especiais | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito de alimentação Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.49 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.46 | 0.84 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Júnior, T.V., C.M. Vooren and R.P. Lessa, 2004 | ||||