| Ref. principal | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Oceanic species. Water color affects its occurrence, at least in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the fish show preference for blue water. Rarely gathers in schools and usually found as scattered single individuals. Feeds mostly in near-surface waters but sometimes takes food in relatively deep water as is shown by the presence of deep sea fishes as Pseudoscopelus in the stomachs of specimens caught off Puerto Rico. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.49 | 0.29 | 4.50 | 0.71 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.39 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Júnior, T.V., C.M. Vooren and R.P. Lessa, 2004 | ||||