| 主要参考文献 | Pauly, D., 1989 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Feeds mainly on benthic organisms (Ref. 26807). Preyed upon by cod, pollock, white hake, harbor and grey seals. Parasites of the species include Lepidapedon rachion, Myxidium bergense, a coccidian parasite Eimeria gadi, 4 protozoans, 2 myxosporidians, 2 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 6 nematodes, 2 acanthocephalans and 4 copepods (Ref. 5951). See also Ref. 8999. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基质 | : rocky; |
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| 基底 参考文献 | |
| 特殊生境 | |
| 特殊生境 编号 |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| 协会 | |
| 相关联 | |
| 协会备注 | |
| 寄生虫 |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| 供料类型 参考号 | Jiang, W. and T. Jørgensen, 1996 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| 喂食习惯 参考文献 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 4.03 | 0.13 | 4.04 | 0.66 | Troph of adults from 12 studies. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.56 | 0.67 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Daan, N., 1989 | ||||