| Ref. principal | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Found frequently in coastal waters to 10 m depth, mainly in shallow estuaries. Capable of travelling long distances, occasionally leaps out of the water. Swims in midwater. Cruises slowly over the bottom, rooting out bivalves with its beak and wings when feeding. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.41 | 3.18 | 0.29 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.58 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||