| Main Ref. | Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits mud and sand bottoms of shallow coasts or bays (Ref. 9774) to 164 m (Ref. 9494). Feeds on small benthic crustaceans and fishes. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Amaoka, K. and D.A. Hensley, 2001 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Amaoka, K. and D.A. Hensley, 2001 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 4.01 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||