| Main Ref. | Carpenter, K.E. and N. De Angelis (eds.), 2016 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Mesopelagic (Ref.109257). Mesopelagic to bathypelagic in southern part of its range and benthopelagic from 365 to 1,200 m in the northern part (Ref. 4461). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Quéro, J.-C., T. Matsui, R.H. Rosenblatt and Y.I. Sazonov, 1990 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||