| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Teixeira, R.L. and J.A. Musick, 1995 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Lives in relatively shallow water. Diurnal predator (Ref. 42026). Feeds on minute organisms, copepods, amphipods, fish eggs and larvae. Parasites of the species include a cestode, Rhynchobothrium heterospine and 2 digenetic trematodes, Cymbephallus vitellosus and Opecoeloides manteri (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| ທາດຍ່ອຍ | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ | |
| ທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສພິເສດ Ref. |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
|---|---|
| ສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ | |
| ຄໍາເຫັນຂອງສະມາຄົມ | |
| ກາຝາກ |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. | Teixeira, R.L. and J.A. Musick, 1995 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| ນິໄສການໃຫ້ອາຫານ Ref. |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.22 | 3.17 | 0.34 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.13 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||