| Réf. principale | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
|---|---|
| Remarques | Adults are found in deeper waters whereas larvae and juveniles occupy shallow, nearshore habitats (Ref. 57910). Usually buried in muddy or sandy bottoms with mouth protruding (Ref. 2850). Larvae and juveniles use shallow, nearshore habitats, whereas most adults occupy deeper waters farther from shore (Ref. 57910). Water temperature in summer and winter were about 10°C and 4°C, and salinity ranged from 30 to 33 PSS. Both planktivorous and piscivorous (Ref. 57910). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrat | |
|---|---|
| Substrat Réf. | |
| Habitats spéciaux | |
| Habitats particuliers Réf. |
| Réf. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associé avec | |
| Remarques sur les associations | |
| Parasitisme |
| Type de prise alimentaire | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Type d'alimentation Réf. | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
| Habitude alimentaire | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Habitudes alimentaires Réf. | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Échantillon original | Population non pêchée | Remarque | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| À partir du régime alimentaire | 3.95 | 0.29 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. | ||
| À partir des éléments alimentaires | 3.60 | 0.52 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Réf. | Chuchukalo, V.I., A.Y. Efimkin and V.V. Lapko, 1995 | ||||