分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 70 m (Ref. 86942), usually 0 - 70 m (Ref. 55224). 亞熱帶的; 45°N - 53°S, 98°W - 154°W (Ref. 55224)
Tropical and subtropical waters of all oceans. Western Atlantic: New England and Bermuda southward to Argentina (Ref. 114270); and Falkland Islands (Ref. 114522). Eastern Atlantic: presumably along the coast from the Straits of Gibraltar to the Gulf of Guinea, including Madeira, although reliable records still lacking from Angola, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands; and Mediterranean (Ref. 114272). Indo-Pacific: East Africa through all countries of Southeast Asia north to Taiwan Province of China and southern Japan, northern Australia to southern Queensland, New Guinea to New Britain, and south to Fiji. Reported as rare visitors in Ponape, Hawaii, and Tahiti (Ref. 47694). Records from eastern central to southeastern Pacific need further confirmation and may refer to Lobotes pacificus.
所有海洋的熱帶與亞熱帶水域。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 地中海;(參考文獻 231) 馬得拉群島到幾內亞灣;(參考文獻 6947) 南非。 西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 559) ，斐濟與吐瓦魯.(參考文獻 12596)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 19.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 11 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 16; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 12. Adults dark brown or greenish yellow above, silvery grey below; pectorals pale yellow, other fins darker than body; caudal fin with yellow margin (Ref. 4386). Rounded caudal fin that appear as single 3-lobed fin (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
成鱼深褐色或黄绿色的上方, 下面银灰色的; 胸鳍白黄色又其他的鳍比身体颜色更深; 尾鳍有黄色的边缘。 (参考文献 4386) 圆的呈现单一 3 叶的鳍的尾鳍。 (参考文献 26938)
Adult inhabits bays (Ref. 37816), muddy estuaries and lower reaches of large rivers (Ref. 48636). A sluggish offshore fish that often floats on its side near the surface in the company of floating objects. Occasionally drifts over reefs (Ref. 9710, 44187). Juvenile may occur in floating Sargassum and mimic a floating leaf (Ref. 37816). Feeds on benthic crustaceans and small fish (Ref. 30573, 44187). Marketed fresh, frozen, or salted.
成鱼栖息于海湾 (参考文献 37816) ，泥泞的河口与大河的下游。 (参考文献 48636) 时常以侧面漂浮的一个缓动性的外海鱼接近水表面伴随着漂浮的目标。 偶然地飘过来礁。 (参考文献 9710) 稚鱼可能出现在漂浮 马尾藻 并且拟态一片漂浮的叶.(参考文献 37816) 吃底栖的甲壳动物与小鱼。 (参考文献 30573) 在市场上销售生鲜地了, 冷冻, 或盐腌的。
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
所有海洋的熱帶與亞熱帶水域。 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 7251) 東大西洋: 地中海;(參考文獻 231) 馬得拉群島到幾內亞灣;(參考文獻 6947) 南非。 西太平洋: 日本 (參考文獻 559) ，斐濟與吐瓦魯.(參考文獻 12596)
Tortonese, E., 1990. Lobotidae. p. 780. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6947)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 18.3 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 5946 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01443 - 0.04794), b=3.01 (2.84 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K>0.5; tm=1; tmax=3;).
Prior r = 0.86, 95% CL = 0.57 - 1.28, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40.9 [22.2, 78.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.898 [0.479, 1.629] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.8, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.268 [0.148, 0.487] g/100g; Selenium = 38.5 [19.2, 86.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.77 [1.92, 27.07] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.522 [0.349, 0.798] mg/100g (wet weight);
