Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bentopelagisk; djupintervall 0 - 100 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 28°N - 12°N, 33°E - 68°E (Ref. 114953)
Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, and probably Gulf of Aden and other areas of NE Arabian Sea. Reports from Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere in Indo-Pacific need confirmation.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?, range 83 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm WD hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 8630)
A benthic species often found in very shallow water near the coast and offshore on the continental shelf (Ref. 9909, Ref.114953). Feed on small mollusks and bony fishes (Ref. 12951) and crustaceans (Ref. 127960). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces up to 10 pups a litter, mainly from May to October (in the Red Sea region) (Ref. 114953). Size at least 171 cm TL. Males matures at ca. 83 cm TL, birth size at ca. 29 cm TL (Ref.114953). Utilized where it occurs but information lacking (Ref. 9909). A target species and utilised bycatch mainly in artisanal fisheries (Ref. 127960).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: bycatch
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1002 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00140 - 0.01079), b=3.05 (2.82 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Fec assumed to be <100).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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