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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 3 - 30 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 31°N - 30°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Florida (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.2 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9626); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3798)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 16 - 18; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8. Silvery, the edges of the scales narrowly brown, the centers on upper half of body with a spot which may vary in color from yellow through bronze to dark brown (forming oblique dotted lines following scale rows) (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits shallow coastal reefs, the young on seagrass beds, adults in schools in relatively open areas (Ref. 9710). Rare at oceanic islands (Ref. 9710). Feeds at night on mollusks and small fishes (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28.2, mean 27.4 °C (based on 724 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00817 - 0.02127), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.24).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.8 [9.8, 59.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.531 [0.258, 1.032] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.067, 0.287] g/100g; Selenium = 14.3 [6.4, 29.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.6 [9.2, 127.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.681 [0.413, 1.102] mg/100g (wet weight);