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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Sarda: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau pelagic-neritic; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 80 - 200 m (Ref. 5377). Subtropical; 12°C - 27°C (Ref. 168); 62°N - 40°S, 98°W - 42°E (Ref. 54865)
Eastern Atlantic: Oslo, Norway to Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Also known from the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Florida, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico; then from Colombia, Venezuela, and south of the Amazon River to northern Argentina; apparently absent from most of the Caribbean Sea.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 37.8, range 41 - ? cm
Max length : 91.4 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 168); common length : 50.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 168); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 11.0 kg (Ref. 40637); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 5 Tahun (Ref. 29114)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 20 - 23; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 18; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 14 - 17; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 50 - 55. Mouth moderately large. Laminae of olfactory rosette 21-39. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body completely covered with very small scales posterior to the corselet. Swim bladder absent. Spleen large. Liver with elongate left and right lobe and short middle lobe. Oblique dorsal stripes with a greater angle than in other species of Sarda.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Epipelagic, neritic and schooling species that may enter estuaries. Known to be cannibalistic, adults prey on small schooling fishes, invertebrates like squid and shrimps and can swallow relatively large prey. Eggs and larvae pelagic (Ref. 6769). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987). Able to adapt to different temperatures 12° to 27°C and salinities 14 to 39 (Ref. 36731).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 7 - 23.4, mean 10.7 °C (based on 346 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00764 - 0.00993), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.5 (1.4 - 3.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.46; tm>1; tmax=5).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 data-limited stock assessments.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.6 [29.8, 70.5] mg/100g; Iron = 3.05 [1.93, 4.90] mg/100g; Protein = 21.2 [20.2, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.438 [0.198, 0.939] g/100g; Selenium = 34.7 [24.6, 48.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.6 [3.1, 34.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.505 [0.409, 0.700] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
