分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 30 - 100 m (Ref. 5222), usually 30 - 100 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 8°N, 98°W - 25°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Central Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico and east coast of US from North Carolina to Key West and along the southern shore of the Caribbean Sea. Juveniles are occasionally found as far north as Massachusetts.
中西大西洋: 來自北卡羅萊那州到的墨西哥灣與美國的東海岸調音西方而且沿著加勒比海的海岸南部。 稚魚偶然地被發現向北遠至麻薩諸塞州。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 33.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 107 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3708); 最大体重: 14.2 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 21 年 (Ref. 6846)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: four color patterns, first is brown phase with head and body pale brown covered with small reddish brown spots that extend onto median fins, second is cat's paw phase with pale brown body color with dorsolateral parts of body having several clusters of dark brown spots resembling the paw print of a cat, third is with large adults with grey-head phase with the rear two-thirds of the body dark, head and body anterior to the 6th dorsal-fin spine in silvery grey with dark reticulations and fourth is bicoloured phase with pale brown anteriorly and abruptly dark chocolate brown posteriorly; depth of body contained 3.0-3.4 times in SL; head length 2.6-3.0 times in SL; convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, angle with distinct bony lobe; serrate interopercle and subopercle; posterior nostrils of adults 2-4 times larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found over ledges and high-relief rocky bottoms in the eastern Gulf of Mexico; at low-profile bottoms at depths of 30 to 100 m in North Carolina; this species was the most abundant grouper in areas of living Oculina coral formations at depths of 70 to 100 m off the east coast of Florida. This species apparently moved inshore when bottom temperature fell below 8.6°C. Juveniles found in shallow water at jetties and in mangrove areas.
在墨西哥湾东方中发现在岩架与深浮雕岩石底部上了; 在低矮的底部深度在北卡罗莱那州的 30 到 100 公尺; 这种是在活的 Oculina 珊瑚结构深度区 70 到 100个佛罗里达的公尺东岸外海中最丰富的鲈科鱼类。 当底部温度下降到 8.6个 ° C. 以下的时候，这种显然地向海岸移动了 稚鱼发现于浅水区了在突堤与在红树林区域中。
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
中西大西洋: 來自北卡羅萊那州到的墨西哥灣與美國的東海岸調音西方而且沿著加勒比海的海岸南部。 稚魚偶然地被發現向北遠至麻薩諸塞州。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 20.7 - 27.5, mean 24.4 °C (based on 130 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00416 - 0.02000), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09-0.17; tmax=21).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (69 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [6.1, 26.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.425 [0.208, 0.783] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.7, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.224 [0.128, 0.407] g/100g; Selenium = 18.8 [9.1, 37.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67 [18, 279] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.582 [0.373, 0.907] mg/100g (wet weight);
