Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten pelagic-neritic; djupintervall 1 - 50 m (Ref. 189). Tropical; 10°N - 27°S, 61°W - 37°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Orinoco River mouth, Venezuela and the Guianas south to Rio Ribeiro do Iguape, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 9.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); common length : 7.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 15 - 17. Snout short, about 1/2 eye diameter and projecting only slightly beyond lower jaw; maxilla short, tip bluntly rounded, failing to reach pre-operculum by about 1/2 pupil diameter; lower jaw longer than upper, its symphysis almost at tip of snout. Gill cover canals of panamensis-type. Anal fin origin below last part of dorsal fin base. Stripe about 3/4 eye diameter over anal fin (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Occurs in coastal waters, but also in estuaries and into almost freshwater. Ripe or almost ripe individuals were caught in March and May.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 27 - 27.9, mean 27.5 °C (based on 78 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00247 - 0.01115), b=3.14 (2.97 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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