Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina pelagic-oceanic; ej vandrande; djupintervall 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 69°N - 24°N, 18°W - 17°E
Northeast Atlantic: found in the western Mediterranean and in the Atlantic around the Strait of Gibraltar and to the south along the Moroccan coast.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.1 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 128593); common length : 10.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 1371); publicerad maxvikt: 48.98 g (Ref. 128593); rapporterad maxålder: 3.00 år (Ref. 1371)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. Eyes large; mouth oblique; chin barbel absent. Color varies from pink to light brown dorsally, silvery on sides and ventrally (Ref. 1371). Scales large, silvery and easily detached. Lateral line ends in 7 open mucus grooves on the upper side of the head (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Occurs in large schools over mud, muddy sand, gravel and rock bottoms. Feeds on small crustaceans and maybe worms. Preyed upon by other valuable fish (Ref. 1371). Spawns in the winter in the western Mediterranean and in the spring farther north (Ref. 35388).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
The major spawning grounds are located in the western part of the Mediterranean, on both sides of the Straits of Gibraltar, in deep water.
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; bete: usually
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 13.9, mean 7.9 °C (based on 254 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00556 - 0.00786), b=3.08 (3.03 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.19-0.50; tmax=3.0).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 61.8 [31.4, 132.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.524 [0.258, 1.013] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.3, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.96 [0.45, 2.06] g/100g; Selenium = 12.2 [5.0, 31.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.4 [5.5, 106.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.755 [0.473, 1.180] mg/100g (wet weight);
