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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性. 亞熱帶的; 31°N - 29°N
North America: found only in San Marcos and Comal springs and their effluent rivers (Guadalupe River system) in southern central Texas, USA.
北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 4.3 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 2.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数) : 6 - 8; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 13; 臀棘: 1; 臀鳍软条: 5 - 8; 脊椎骨: 32 - 33.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Occur in vegetated springs, pools and runs of effluent rivers (Ref. 5723). Feed primarily on cladocerans, copepods, amphipods, and aquatic insects (Ref. 54633). Spawn throughout the year (Ref. 75081) at 33-day interval (Ref. 31966). Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).
出现于长满植物的泉水，流出河的水潭与急流。
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Eggs are found attached to the substrate unguarded (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 發現在南方的中央美國德州中只在桑河 Marcos 與 Comal 中泉水與其溢流河 (哥德洛普島河流域)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
濒危 (EN) (B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v)); Date assessed: 12 December 2011
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基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00303 - 0.01510), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=760).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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