Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; air tawar; payau dasar (demersal); pH range: 7.5 - 9.5; amphidromus (Ref. 138280); kisaran kedalaman 1 - ? m. Subtropical; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 0°S
Eastern Pacific: Palos Verdes in southern California, USA to Peru.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5404); 39.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 55763); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5404); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.2 kg
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Body compressed; head flat; first dorsal fin with 7 spines, second with 1 spine and 8 to 9 rays; anal fin with 1 spine and 9 to 10 rays; lateral line with 30 to 34 scales; body depth contained about three times in standard length; body dark green to dark brown with numerous small pale spots (Ref. 55763).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit estuaries, stagnant ditches or creeks of low current velocity between the sea and an elevation of 30 m. Benthic and most abundant on sandy and muddy bottoms. They ingest much mud and detritus, although also filter plankton (Ref. 36880). Found in shallow inshore areas; typically in freshwater but moves freely into the sea.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Budidaya air: komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 26.8 °C (based on 208 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00755 - 0.01388), b=3.11 (3.03 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.57).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
🛈
Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 118 [54, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.59, 2.45] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.278 [0.165, 0.480] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.3, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [2.13, 23.95] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);
