Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 80 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 35°N - 31°S, 30°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: from Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, north to Mie Prefecture, Japan and east to southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and Gulf of California to Ecuador (Ref. 9283).
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 32.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 11441); common length : 75.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 9283); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 15.0 kg (Ref. 30874)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 18 - 20; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 15 - 17.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults occur in deep lagoon and seaward reefs where they feed by rooting for crustaceans and fossorial invertebrates in the sand but they also feed on small fishes (Ref. 9710, 90102). Small juveniles live among the tentacles of jellyfish (Ref. 9710). Adults form schools and are also noted for their behavior to closely swim around sharks and other large fishes, and also follow divers (Ref. 10361). Juveniles particularly display this piloting behavior to gain protection from likely predators (Ref. 9710, 90102). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283). Juveniles are used in the aquarium trade. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Budidaya air: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.01151 - 0.01441), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.0 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.14-0.53).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 38.3 [19.7, 67.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.714 [0.413, 1.278] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [19.0, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.09, 0.22] g/100g; Selenium = 51.7 [30.8, 93.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.8 [9.1, 68.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.751 [0.538, 1.061] mg/100g (wet weight);
