分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Eponymy: Dr William Jacob Holland (1848–1932) was a Jamaican-born American Presbyterian minister, entomologist and palaeontologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jordan & Richardson.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 67 - 87 m (Ref. 106604). 熱帶
Western Pacific: southern Japan (Ref. 559), East China Sea, Taiwan, and the South China Sea.
西太平洋: 日本南部的周圍與在南中國海。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 106604)
Bottom-dwellers that feed on invertebrates and bony fish (Ref. 9908). Depth range given by H. Ishihara (pers.comm. 07/07). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.3-6.7 cm long and 2.7-3.9 cm wide (Ref. 41253, 41298).
吃无脊椎动物与硬骨鱼的底栖鱼类.(参考文献 9908) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 5.3-6.7 公分长与 2.7-3.9 公分宽的.(参考文献 41253,41298)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 9908). Paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).西太平洋: 日本南部的周圍與在南中國海。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: bycatch
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 18.4 - 26.8, mean 25.2 °C (based on 82 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.0 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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