Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 20 - 200 m (Ref. 28016), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 27°N - 37°S, 29°E - 152°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea (Ref. 12541) south to the southeastern coast of South Africa and east to New Caledonia and Vanuatu. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Due to a widespread confusion with Sphyraena putnamae and Sphyraena qenie, the exact range is uncertain.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2871); common length : 120 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5450); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 11.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 6; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; Duri dubur: 2; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 9. Body with dark bars crossing lateral line, each bar oblique in upper half, but nearly vertical in lower half; caudal fin largely yellowish.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
Found near prominent current-swept lagoon or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710); also in bays, estuaries and turbid inner lagoons (Ref. 9768). Diurnal and solitary, although the young form schools. Feeds mainly on fishes but also takes squid. Sold fresh, frozen or dried salted. Reports of ciguatera poisoning need confirmation.
Siklus hidup dan perilaku kawin
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fekunditas | Larva
De Sylva, D.P. and F. Williams, 1986. Sphyraenidae. p. 721-726. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 5491)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 23.6 - 28.5, mean 27.3 °C (based on 442 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00612 - 0.00857), b=2.92 (2.88 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.10).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.99 [4.90, 24.38] mg/100g; Iron = 0.237 [0.110, 0.480] mg/100g; Protein = 20.4 [18.5, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.0926 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 48.2 [21.0, 111.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.4 [8.7, 183.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.458 [0.304, 0.776] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
