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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Anchoa: Italian ancioa = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764–1831) was an American physician, naturalist and politician. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina pelagic-neritic; anádromo (Ref. 126106); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 70 m (Ref. 93252), usually 1 - 36 m (Ref. 189). Subtropical; 42°N - 16°N, 99°W - 72°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: Casco Bay, Maine south to Florida Keys and westward around the Gulf of Mexico south to Yucatán; not in the West Indies.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 4.3, range 4 - 4.5 cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 189); common length : 6.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 12193)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 0; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 23 - 31. Body variable, more slender in northern populations. Snout fairly blunt, a little over 1/2 eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching beyond hind border of pre-operculum, almost to gill opening; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Anal fin rays rarely 28, its origin below unbranched dorsal fin rays. Anus nearer to pelvic fin tips than to anal fin origin.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: oval.
More commonly found in shallow tidal areas with muddy bottoms and brackish waters, tolerating a wide range of salinities (virtually fresh to fully saline or hypersaline). Found only in spring and summer in the tidal portion of the Ochlockonee River, Florida. Feed mostly on Mysis and copepods, also small fishes, gastropods and isopods. Breed off North Carolina from late April to mid-July, perhaps through to August. Used to some extent to make anchovy paste (Ref. 189).
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; isca: usually
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 26.9, mean 24 °C (based on 432 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00468 - 0.00708), b=3.17 (3.13 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K>0.30; tmax=3).
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [126, 469] mg/100g; Iron = 1.83 [1.02, 3.40] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.543 [0.295, 1.019] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.4, 36.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [9.4, 78.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 2.19] mg/100g (wet weight);
