Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 45 m (Ref. 58652). Tropical; 35°N - 30°S, 30°E - 140°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaiian, Line and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 22.6, range 23 - ? cm
Max length : 53.0 cm FL jantan/; (Ref. 125599); common length : 45.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 57863); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 3.6 kg (Ref. 125599)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 11 - 12; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 11 - 12.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found in aggregations over hard, algal coated bottoms of exposed, surf-swept outer reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs, to a depth of at least 24 m (Ref. 30573). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles associated with floating material (Ref. 58302). Mainly herbivorous, feeding on seaweed and associated invertebrates (Ref. 30573). Appear to be more commonly involved in hallucinogenic fish poisoning than most other related species (Ref. 4690). Caught with other types of artisanal gear. Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Knudsen, S.W. and K.D. Clements, 2013. Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Zootaxa 3751(1):001-101. (Ref. 95491)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Poisonous to eat (Ref. 4690)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 27.7 °C (based on 854 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.01237 - 0.03219), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (K=0.25).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.6 [27.1, 58.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.56 [0.38, 0.86] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.123 [0.091, 0.167] g/100g; Selenium = 34.6 [22.7, 54.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.4 [24.5, 160.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.97, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight);
