分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Taxonomic Remarks
Closely related to, and is often confused with, three other white-spotted species: Epinephelus ongus, Epinephelus summana, and Epinephelus corallicola.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 65 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 35°N - 35°S, 26°E - 180°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-Pacific: East Africa south to East London, South Africa Red Sea but not Persian Gulf to east to Fiji, Tonga (Ref. 53797). Record from northwestern Australia (Ref. 3132) is doubtful.
印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非的東倫敦而且東至斐濟。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797) 它是已知不來自紅海, 但是它確實出現在波斯灣。 來自澳洲西北部 (參考文獻 3132) 的記錄是可疑的。 它是與,親源相近而且時常互相混淆, 三個其他的白色-有斑點的種: 紋波斑魚〔Epinephelus ongus〕 ， 白星石斑魚〔Epinephelus summana〕 與 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕 .
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6492)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth distinctly less than head length, 2.9-3.4 in SL (for specimens 11-47 cm SL); head length 2.3-2.5 in SL; head pointed, dorsal profile almost straight; preopercle rounded, finely serrate; opercular spines inconspicuous; upper edge of operculum straight, sinuous or slightly convex; maxilla naked, mostly covered by upper lip; small or absent canines at front of jaws; midlateral part of lower jaw with 3-5 rows of small teeth; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 13-17 in juveniles and 4-8 in upper limb for adults larger than 25 cm SL; adults with ctenoid scales on body in broad zone along middle of side, cycloid elsewhere and with numerous auxiliary scales; caudal fin rounded; pectoral fins large and fleshy, with 17-19 rays, the fin length 1.5-2.1 in HL; short pelvic fins, not reaching anus, 2.0-2.7 in head length. Colour of adults brownish grey, the body covered with small pale spots overlain with large pale blotches; oblique black saddle on rear half of peduncle; 4-5 indistinct black blotches at base of dorsal fin; prominent black streak on maxillary groove; large adults brownish, covered with small, indistinct, contiguous pale spots; juveniles (less than 25 cm) dark grey to black, covered with prominent pupil-size white spots and smaller white dots (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs in rocky or coral-rich areas of deep lagoons, channels and outer reef slopes; usually in or near caves (Ref. 089707). Solitary (Ref 90102). Juveniles are found in tide pools. Feeds on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 6113). In Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught with hook-and-line, spear, and in traps and probably of some importance to fisheries in areas where it is common (Ref. 39231).
出現於深潟湖，峽道與外礁斜坡的岩石或珊瑚礁繁盛區域; 通常在洞穴裡面或附近。 稚魚被發現於潮池。 吃魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 6113) 在香港活魚販售。 (參考文獻 27253)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 東非南至南非的東倫敦而且東至斐濟。 最近從東加記錄。 (參考文獻 53797) 它是已知不來自紅海, 但是它確實出現在波斯灣。 來自澳洲西北部 (參考文獻 3132) 的記錄是可疑的。 它是與,親源相近而且時常互相混淆, 三個其他的白色-有斑點的種: 紋波斑魚〔Epinephelus ongus〕 ， 白星石斑魚〔Epinephelus summana〕 與 黑駁石斑魚〔Epinephelus corallicola〕 .
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 16 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1234 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00698 - 0.01644), b=2.99 (2.87 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.4 [10.4, 48.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.447 [0.241, 0.902] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.9, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.069, 0.178] g/100g; Selenium = 39 [23, 70] μg/100g; VitaminA = 150 [42, 536] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.87, 1.72] mg/100g (wet weight);
