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Teleostei >
Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) >
Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Eduard C F Dämle, also known as Dämel or Daemel (1821–1900), was a German entomologist, and a collector and dealer in natural history specimens. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 50 m (Ref. 5222). 亞熱帶的; 25°S - 43°S, 136°E - 177°W (Ref. 5222)
Southwest Pacific: Australia, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Kermadec Islands and New Zealand (North Island and Poor Knights Island). The Australian range extends from southern Queensland to Kangaroo Island off South Australia; also reported from the Bass Strait.
西南太平洋: 澳洲，羅得豪島，諾福克島，科瑪狄克群島與紐西蘭 (島北方部與少量的騎士島). 澳洲的範圍從昆士蘭南部到袋鼠島延伸外海的澳洲南部; 也記錄自 bass 海峽。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); 最大體重: 68.0 kg (Ref. 4787)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found on rocky substrata from near shore to at least 50 m. It is an aggressive territorial species that may occupy a particular cave for life. Small individuals feed on crabs and small fishes. Sexual transition reported to occur at 100-110 cm (Ref. 6787). Large individuals are often attracted by divers (Ref. 9710). An esteemed food fish avidly sought by anglers and spear fishermen.
棲息於了岩石底層從近岸到至少 50 公尺。 它是可能為生活佔領一個特別的洞穴的一個侵略性具有領域性種。 小的個體吃螃蟹與小魚。 性的轉變報告在 100-110 公分出現。 (參考文獻 6787) 大的個體時常被潛水者吸引。 (參考文獻 9710) 一個被讚賞的食用魚熱望地藉著垂釣者尋找而且獵殺漁夫。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西南太平洋: 澳洲，羅得豪島，諾福克島，科瑪狄克群島與紐西蘭 (島北方部與少量的騎士島). 澳洲的範圍從昆士蘭南部到袋鼠島延伸外海的澳洲南部; 也記錄自 bass 海峽。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
近危 (NT) ; Date assessed: 18 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
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特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 16.4 - 24.3, mean 17.9 °C (based on 56 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00555 - 0.02374), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.0 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.69 [2.83, 18.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.356 [0.177, 0.770] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.8, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.071, 0.276] g/100g; Selenium = 23.2 [10.1, 51.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 61.1 [13.9, 265.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.665 [0.427, 1.019] mg/100g (wet weight);
