分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
Taxonomic Remarks
Considered valid in McEachran and Seret 1990 (Ref. 4441) but with a note that more recent authors consider it to be immature stages of R. marginata. Further study is needed to clarify problem (Ref. 4441). Tentatively valid in Last et al., 2016, for these differ subltly in their morphology (Ref. 114953:719).
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 底中水層性. 亞熱帶的; 38°N - 15°N, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern Spain to Senegal, including the Mediterranean.
東大西洋: 西班牙到塞內加爾南部, 包括地中海。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6678)
Found in tropical to warm temperate coastal waters, but absent from islands of western Pacific. Often forming large groups swimming near the surface and quite destructive of commercial oyster and clam beds. Feeds on bottom-living mollusks, crustaceans and fishes. Seldom marketed. Ovoviviparous, gestation period up to one year with 2-6 embryos produced.
發現於熱帶到暖溫帶沿岸水域了, 但是西太平洋的島沒有出現。 時常形成遊近表面的大的群而且對商業的牡蠣與蛤床相當具毀滅性。 吃底棲軟體動物，甲殼動物和魚類。 很少在市場上銷售。 卵胎生的, 妊娠時期向上到一年用 2-6 ，胚胎生產。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).東大西洋: 西班牙到塞內加爾南部, 包括地中海。
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Rhinopteridae. p. 71-72. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4441)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
極危 (CR) (A2d); Date assessed: 04 August 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 17.1 - 21.7, mean 19.7 °C (based on 136 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00468 - 0.02819), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.8 ±0.60 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=2).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
🛈
營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11 [2, 53] mg/100g; Iron = 0.54 [0.13, 1.54] mg/100g; Protein = 21.5 [16.4, 26.6] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.054, 0.609] g/100g; Selenium = 23.5 [7.3, 75.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.83 [2.81, 27.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.539 [0.260, 0.995] mg/100g (wet weight);
