Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal); kisaran kedalaman 1 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 45°N - 18°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola. Also known from the Mediterranean.
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 6790); common length : 30.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 4675)
Inhabit shallow waters to about 100 m depth, burrowing in the bottom. Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 3697). Anterolateral glandular grooves and opercular spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406). Oviparous, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4675).
Roux, C., 1990. Trachinidae. p. 893-895. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6790)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 14.7 - 21.5, mean 18.6 °C (based on 274 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5059 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00523 - 0.01386), b=2.92 (2.78 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.4).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64 [40, 118] mg/100g; Iron = 0.913 [0.588, 1.432] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.3, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.362 [0.252, 0.528] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [13.6, 48.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.7 [6.0, 48.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.731 [0.549, 1.015] mg/100g (wet weight);