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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Gasterochismatinae
Etymology: Gasterochisma: Greek, gaster = stomach + Greek, chiasma = marked with the sign of "X" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Richardson.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 pelagic-oceanic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 200 - ? m (Ref. 9563). 亞熱帶的; 8°C - 15°C (Ref. 168); 19°S - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 168)
Circumglobal in southern temperate waters.
環球分佈於南方的溫帶水域。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 164 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數) : 17 - 18; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 44. Pelvic fins enormous in juveniles, longer than head length. Pelvic fins fitting into a deep ventral groove at all sizes. Interpelvic process tiny and bifid. No anterior corselet. Swim bladder present with two anterior projections that extend into the back of the skull. The morphological adaptations required for maintaining high brain and retinal temperatures are discussed in Ref. 11221.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
腹鰭巨大的在稚魚, 長度超過頭長中。 腹鰭嵌入一個深的腹凹槽大小不一。 腹鰭間的突起極小而兩裂的。 沒有前面的甲胄。 有泳鰾有兩個進入頭蓋骨的背部之內延伸的前面的突出。 形態學的適應必需的為維持高腦與網膜的溫度參考文獻 11221 被討論.
Occurs in deep oceanic waters (Ref. 9563), most abundant in waters of 8° to 10°C. Stomach contents of the specimen from north of the Hawaiian Archipelago include onychoteuthids, ommastrephid squid, vertebrae and fin rays from an unidentified fish, bird feathers and parasitic nematodes (Ref. 11006). Taken as longline by-catch by Japanese fishing for Thunnus maccoyii.
出現於深的大洋性水域 (參考文獻 9563) ， 10個 ° C. 的 8個 ° 的最豐富在水域 來自夏威夷列島北方的標本的胃內含物包括來自一個未確認的魚, 鳥羽毛與寄生的線蟲類的 onychoteuthids ， ommastrephid 烏賊，脊椎骨與鰭條。 (參考文獻 11006) 對於 藍鰭金槍魚〔Thunnus maccoyii〕 作為了日本釣魚的延繩釣誤捕。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
環球分佈於南方的溫帶水域。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 10.2 - 15.9, mean 11.7 °C (based on 22 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.4 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.4 [15.9, 50.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.3 [0.8, 2.2] mg/100g; Protein = 22.7 [20.5, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.256, 0.622] g/100g; Selenium = 35.7 [20.8, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.5 [4.4, 31.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.319, 0.627] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
