分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的 (Ref. 52884); 深度上下限 2 - 60 m (Ref. 9626). 热带; 22°C - 28°C; 44°N - 23°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: New England, USA to the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 巴西里约热内卢的美国新英格兰到邻近区域。 也巴哈马，墨西哥湾与加勒比海, 包括安地列斯群岛.(参考文献 26938)
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 22.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3797); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3797); 最大体重: 1.8 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 31 - 33; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 23 - 25. Pale gray around mouth, and pale gray margin on caudal fin. Inside of pectoral fin yellow (Ref. 26938). Juveniles are black with two light yellow bars on body and three on head; caudal fin yellow with a vertically elongate, nearly rectangular or hemispherical black spot in middle (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
灰白色嘴的周围, 与在尾鳍上的灰白色边缘。 在胸鳍黄色之内.(参考文献 26938) 稚鱼是在身体上黑色的有二条淡黄色的横带与三在头部上; 尾鳍在中央中黄色的有一个细长垂直的，几乎矩形或半球形的黑色斑点 (. 参考文献 13442)
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Common in coral reefs, usually solitary, occasionally in pairs. Juveniles are part-time cleaners. Feed mainly on sponges, but also takes tunicates, algae, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, bryozoans, and seagrasses. Oviparous (Ref. 240). Monogamous and always in home-ranging pairs, that is they do not defend an exclusive territory (Ref. 52884). Flesh reported to be of excellent quality (Ref. 3797); marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). Friendly toward divers (Ref. 9710). Have been reared in captivity (Ref. 35419).
常见于珊瑚礁, 通常独居性的, 偶而成对出现。 稚鱼是兼任的清洁工。 主要捕食海绵, 也捕食被囊类，藻类，六枚珊瑚，柳珊瑚，水息虫，苔藓虫类与海草。 卵生的 (参考文献 240) ，一夫一妻的.(参考文献 52884) 报告的肉为优良质量;(参考文献 3797) 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的.(参考文献 5217) 友善地对于潜水者.(参考文献 9710) 曾经在繁殖场后面。 (参考文献 35419)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Monogamous mating is observed as both facultative and social (Ref. 52884).西大西洋: 巴西里约热内卢的美国新英格兰到邻近区域。 也巴哈马，墨西哥湾与加勒比海, 包括安地列斯群岛.(参考文献 26938)
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 23.8 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 849 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03020 (0.01542 - 0.05916), b=2.90 (2.73 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.5 [15.9, 53.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.459 [0.273, 0.748] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.3, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.085 [0.053, 0.137] g/100g; Selenium = 34.4 [17.3, 66.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 54.3 [13.7, 197.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);
