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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Vaillant & Bocourt.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9626), usually 18 - 55 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 18°N - 52°S, 83°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama and the Greater Antilles to Argentina. Including Lesser Antilles (Ref. 26938). Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 25.1, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 56.9 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 125970); common length : 35.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 2.2 kg (Ref. 125970)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 23 - 27; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 9. Colour greyish above, silvery below. Without conspicuous spots, but with faint dark streaks along scale rows above lateral line. Pectoral-fin bases and upper rays slightly dark, pelvic and anal fins often yellowish, dorsal and caudal fins dusky with darker margin. Inside opercle darkish visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbel or pores, snout with only 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) moderately broad and thick, Lapillus (small earstone rudimentary. Scales large. Soft portion of dorsal-fin base covered with small scales up to 1/2 of fin height (Ref 51721).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found over sand or mud bottoms from the coastline to about 60 m depth (Ref. 3702); rarely in waters with a depth of less than 18 m (Ref. 9626). Juveniles inhabit river estuaries (Ref. 3702). Oviparous, with high fecundity (Ref. 54358). Feed on fishes and crustaceans like crabs and shrimps (Ref. 35237). Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Gewenste temperatuur (Ref.
123201): 11.3 - 27.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 376 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00645 - 0.00934), b=3.06 (3.04 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Fec = 47,000).
Prior r = 1.00, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.50, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.3 [45.0, 151.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.987 [0.527, 1.687] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.220, 0.573] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.5, 47.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [3.9, 33.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.788 [0.575, 1.138] mg/100g (wet weight);
