Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser demersal; tiefenbereich 15 - 170 m. Temperate; 46°N - 10°N, 98°W - 60°W
Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia in Canada to central Florida in USA. Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938).
Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3822)
Occurs on sandy bottom. Feeds on shrimps, crabs, other crustaceans, squid, bivalves and small fishes. Produces loud, drumming sound by vibrating its swim bladder (Ref. 9988). Used both for food and fish meal; other uses include bait for lobster traps and flatfish, handlines, pet food and fertilizer. Utilized fresh and frozen; also used for caviar ; can be broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Köder: occasionally
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 6.4 - 24.7, mean 18.9 °C (based on 85 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00294 - 0.01077), b=3.16 (2.98 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.3).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.7 [26.9, 103.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.418 [0.221, 0.752] mg/100g; Protein = 16.6 [14.1, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.686 [0.305, 1.832] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [7.1, 33.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.9 [8.7, 63.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.571 [0.403, 0.805] mg/100g (wet weight);
