Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande. Temperate
Southwest Pacific: occurs only around New Zealand.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9988); common length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9258); publicerad maxvikt: 1.5 kg (Ref. 9988); rapporterad maxålder: 16 år (Ref. 47622)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m. Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072). Utilized fresh or frozen for broiling, frying and baking (Ref. 9988).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
Ladda ner XML
Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 11.5 - 19.4, mean 17.5 °C (based on 32 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00800 - 0.04137), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.3-0.4; tmax=16;).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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