分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Taxonomic Remarks
In genus Planiliza (Durand et al., 2015: Ref. 114224).
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 5 - 10 m (Ref. 559). 溫帶; 53°N - 18°N, 105°E - 146°E
Northwest Pacific: Hokkaido southward to Kyushu, Japan; Amur River southward to Xiamen through the Korean Peninsula (Ref. 41299). Reported from Vietnam (Ref. 9706). Introduced in the Aegean Sea (Ref. 113897), Black Sea and the Mediterranean (Ref. 101091).
西北太平洋: 日本; 而且從阿穆爾河向南至廈門經過朝鮮半島。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 56557); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9137); 最大體重: 5.0 kg (Ref. 56557)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Adults inhabit shallow coastal waters as well as freshwater regions of rivers (Ref. 41299). Very common in the rivers discharging into Peter the Great Bay; enter freshwater. Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Large concentrations of fry-of-the-year measuring 3.1-6.2 cm in the mouths of rivers in August. Length in the Black Sea is usually 20-30 cm but may reach 43 cm; length in the Atlantic Ocean may reach 50 cm (Ref. 2058). Omnivorous (Ref. 9137). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Alien Invasive: In Azov Sea, it is now the most abundant mugilid species. Along shores of Black Sea, its expansion corresponds to a sharp decline of native species of Mugilidae, which it apparently replaces (Ref. 59043).
棲息於沿岸淺水區以及河的淡水區域.(參考文獻 41299) 雜食性.(參考文獻 9137) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205) 最大的長度假定當 1.5* 普遍長度; 以資料盡快 (RF) 取代。
Juveniles spend their first year in freshwater then migrate to sea to breed (Ref. 59043). Also Ref. 205.西北太平洋: 日本; 而且從阿穆爾河向南至廈門經過朝鮮半島。
Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993. Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p. (Ref. 9137)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 20.2 - 25, mean 22.4 °C (based on 103 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00618 - 0.01409), b=2.95 (2.83 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.5 ±0.19 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (0.13-0.23; tm=2-5;).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34.5 [13.5, 102.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.427 [0.194, 0.861] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.703 [0.309, 1.611] g/100g; Selenium = 8.06 [3.41, 19.24] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.2 [2.5, 43.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.550, 1.305] mg/100g (wet weight);
