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Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Melanogrammus: Greek, melan, -anos = black + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 10 - 450 m, usually 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 76°W - 62°E
North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic. Mediterranean Sea to southern Greenland, Iceland, and southern Barents Sea.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 34.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 112 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5951); common length : 35.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 4645); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 16.8 kg (Ref. 9988); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 20 سال ها (Ref. 4645)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0. Mouth relatively small; lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw; chin barbel rather small. Lateral line dark, uninterrupted to about the end of the body. Lateral-line pores present on head. Scales overlapping. A large dark blotch is above the pectoral fin just below the lateral line.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
Adults are found more commonly from 80 to 200 m, over rock, sand, gravel or shells, usually at temperatures between 4° and 10°C. Feed mainly on small bottom-living organisms including crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, worms and fishes (sand lance, capelin, silver hake, American eels, herring and argentines) (Ref. 5951). A batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Undertakes extensive migrations in the Barents Sea and Iceland. Sold fresh, chilled as fillets, frozen, smoked and canned. Also utilized for fish meal and animal feeds. Can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205). Spawning occurs in typically marine waters between 50 and 150 m depth (Ref. 1371).
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا; آبزي پروري: آزمايشي; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
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منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 1.4 - 12.1, mean 8.4 °C (based on 1651 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00583 - 0.00748), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 4.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.6 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 36
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (rm=0.54-1.2; K=0.12-0.30; tm=2-6.5; tmax=20; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 41 full stock assessments.
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
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آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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مواد مغذی (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [3.2, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.175 [0.075, 0.825] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.617 [0.316, 1.243] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [12.1, 89.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.92 [2.06, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.309 [0.168, 0.623] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
