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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Gadidae (Cods and haddocks)
Etymology: Melanogrammus: Greek, melan, -anos = black + Greek, gramma = letter, signal (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 450 m, usually 10 - 200 m (Ref. 35388). 溫帶; 79°N - 36°N, 76°W - 62°E
North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic. Mediterranean Sea to southern Greenland, Iceland, and southern Barents Sea.
東北大西洋: 對 Spitzbergen 的比斯開灣; 在巴倫支海中對新地島; 冰島的周圍; 稀有的在格陵蘭南部。 西北大西洋: 岬五月, 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 34.9 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 112 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5951); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4645); 最大体重: 16.8 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 20 年 (Ref. 4645)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Mouth relatively small; lower jaw shorter than the upper jaw; chin barbel rather small. Lateral line dark, uninterrupted to about the end of the body. Lateral-line pores present on head. Scales overlapping. A large dark blotch is above the pectoral fin just below the lateral line.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: circular.
嘴相当小的; 下颌短于上颌; 下巴触须相当小。 侧线黑的, 不间断的到大约身体的末端。 侧线孔位于头部之上。 鳞片部分重叠的。 一个大的黑色斑块在侧线正下方是上方胸鳍。
Adults are found more commonly from 80 to 200 m, over rock, sand, gravel or shells, usually at temperatures between 4° and 10°C. Feed mainly on small bottom-living organisms including crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, worms and fishes (sand lance, capelin, silver hake, American eels, herring and argentines) (Ref. 5951). A batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Undertakes extensive migrations in the Barents Sea and Iceland. Sold fresh, chilled as fillets, frozen, smoked and canned. Also utilized for fish meal and animal feeds. Can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
从 80 到 200 公尺更通常发现,在岩石，沙子，砾石或贝壳之上, 通常在 4个 ° 与 10个 ° C. 之间的温度 主要吃包括甲壳动物，软件动物，棘皮动物，蠕虫与鱼的小型底栖性生物。 在巴伦支海与冰岛中进行广泛的回游。 生鲜贩卖了, 冷冻的如被冻结, 烟熏而且装于罐头的鱼排。 也利用鱼粉与动物饲料。 能被蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波而且烧烤。 (参考文献 9988)
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205). Spawning occurs in typically marine waters between 50 and 150 m depth (Ref. 1371).東北大西洋: 對 Spitzbergen 的比斯開灣; 在巴倫支海中對新地島; 冰島的周圍; 稀有的在格陵蘭南部。 西北大西洋: 岬五月, 美女島的紐澤西州到海峽。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
易受伤害 (VU) (A1d+2d); Date assessed: 01 August 1996
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 实验的; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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特别资料
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基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 1.4 - 12.1, mean 8.4 °C (based on 1651 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00583 - 0.00748), b=3.08 (3.04 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 4.0 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.6 - 5.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 36
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (rm=0.54-1.2; K=0.12-0.30; tm=2-6.5; tmax=20; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 41 full stock assessments.
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [3.2, 40.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.175 [0.075, 0.825] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.617 [0.316, 1.243] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [12.1, 89.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.92 [2.06, 29.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.309 [0.168, 0.623] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
