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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Sardinella: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري pelagic-neritic; نطاق العمق 10 - 70 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 41°N - 37°S, 19°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: widespread including the Red Sea, and reported as an invasive species in the eastern Mediterranean basin.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 13.3, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 29.6 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 116943); common length : 15.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 188); العمر: 7 سنين (Ref. 1488)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 0; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 13 - 21; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 12 - 23. Total number scutes 32 to 34. Vertical striae on scales not meeting at center, numerous small perforations on hind part of scale. A golden mid-lateral line down flank; dorsal and caudal fin margins dusky; a dark spot at dorsal fin origin. Lower gill rakers 45 to 59 (at 6 to 17 cm standard length, not increasing with size of fish after 6 cm standard length).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Forms schools in coastal waters. Adults feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton (crustacean and molluscan larvae) (Ref. 5213, 5284). Juveniles predominantly prefer crustaceans expanding to include phytoplankton in the diet as their length increases (Ref. 34224). Marketed fresh, dried-salted, boiled or made into fish balls. Possible or even probable confusion with other species (especially S. fimbriata in Indian waters) makes published biological data potentially unreliable.
Stern, N., B. Rinkevich and M. Goren, 2016. Integrative approach revises the frequently misidentified species of Sardinella (Clupeidae) of the Indo-West Pacific Ocean. J. Fish Biol. 89(5):2282-2305. (Ref. 114969)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 23.6 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1384 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00670 - 0.00986), b=3.04 (3.01 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 2.9 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.8 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (K=0.32-1.8; tmax=7).
Prior r = 1.07, 95% CL = 0.71 - 1.60, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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قابلية التأثر بالمناخ (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 252 [134, 390] mg/100g; Iron = 2.14 [1.25, 3.86] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.6, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.281 [0.140, 0.540] g/100g; Selenium = 127 [68, 257] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.3 [5.1, 45.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.16 [0.84, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
