分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 100 - ? m (Ref. 114953). 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 20°N, 114°E - 139°E (Ref. 114953)
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China Sea near Hong Kong, including Taiwan.
西北太平洋: 日本南部到靠近香港的南中國海。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12951)
Occurs inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913, 11230). Found on sand, often near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Biology little known (Ref. 9913), but locally common in Taiwan and Japan (Ref. 114953). Produces 4-6 pups per litter. Maturity size of males known at 25 cm TL. Not utilized for food. Capable of producing a moderate shock to humans (Ref. 114953). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951).
生活于近海与外海.(参考文献 9913,11230) 栖息于沙子了, 时常邻近岩礁.(参考文献 12951) 生物学特性知道的很少.(参考文献 9913) 养得不好在水族馆。 (参考文献 12951)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Ovoviviparous. Up to 5 in a litter (Ref. 12951).西北太平洋: 日本南部到靠近香港的南中國海。
Compagno, L.J.V. and P.R. Last, 1999. Narkidae. Sleeper rays. p. 1443-1446. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9913)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 18.5 - 28.9, mean 26.8 °C (based on 559 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.6252 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
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