Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Hilsa: Bangladesh and Bengali local name for a fish.
More on author: Cuvier.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-neritic; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 30573). 熱帶; 25°N - 18°S, 43°E - 155°E (Ref. 54554)
Indo-West Pacific: probably all coasts of Indian Ocean, from Gulf of Oman and Gulf of Aden south to Durban and Madagascar, across the Bay of Bengal, Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea and north to Hong Kong and east to Papua New Guinea and possibly further (Ref. 188).
印度-西太平洋: 印度洋的可能所有海岸,從阿曼灣與亞丁灣南至南非的川斯凱與馬達加斯加, 越過孟加拉灣，泰國灣, 爪哇海而且北至香港而且東至巴布亞新幾內亞與可能更遠。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 15.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11228); common length : 16.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 19; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 23. Diagnosis: Body fairly deep and compressed, belly with distinct keel of scutes; top of head with numerous fronto-parietal striae; upper jaw with median notch; gillrakers about 100 to 175, those on inner arches distinctly curled; outer row of gill filaments on first arch not more than half length of gillrakers; a series of small triangular scales above axil of pectoral fin; hind part of body scales perforated (Ref. 188). A black spot behind gill cover, usually followed by up to 10 spots along flank (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
頭頂有很多的額頂骨陷紋; 上頜有中央的凹槽。 鰓耙大約 100 到 175, 在內弓上的那些明顯地捲曲; 在第一鰓弓上的鰓絲的外部列不超過鰓耙的一半長度。 在胸鰭的葉腋上面的一系列的小三角形的鱗片; 身體鱗片的後部部份穿孔的。 在鰓裂後面的一個黑色的斑點; 通常 10 沿著側面。
Found in coastal waters (Ref. 3107, 30573); marine, pelagic, but entering estuaries and able to tolerate quite low salinities (7 ppt) (Ref. 188). Feeds chiefly on phytoplankton, mainly diatoms, also dinoflagellates, but also copepods, molluscan and crustacean larvae, prawns, amphipods and polychaetes (Ref. 188). Spawns, at least in Godavari estuary, around February (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh, dried, dried-salted and boiled. Made into fish balls.
發現於沿岸水域 (參考文獻 30573), 進入河口而且能容忍相當低的鹽度 (7個 ppt) 。 主要捕食浮游植物 (主要地矽藻 , 也吃腰鞭毛蟲) ，也吃橈足類， molluscan 與甲殼類幼生，蝦，片腳類動物與多毛類動物。 產卵 (至少在 Godavari 河口) 二月左右。 (參考文獻 188) 在市場上銷售生鮮地,乾製了, 乾燥鹽醃與煮沸的。 製成了魚丸。 發現於下面湄公河的整個流域主流了。 (參考文獻 36667)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 印度洋的可能所有海岸,從阿曼灣與亞丁灣南至南非的川斯凱與馬達加斯加, 越過孟加拉灣，泰國灣, 爪哇海而且北至香港而且東至巴布亞新幾內亞與可能更遠。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 July 2018
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 誘餌: occasionally
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 25.8 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 772 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00625 - 0.01599), b=3.03 (2.89 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.9 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=1.1).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 204 [116, 375] mg/100g; Iron = 2.01 [1.12, 3.29] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [18.1, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.411 [0.231, 0.728] g/100g; Selenium = 61.5 [30.1, 125.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.95 [4.03, 23.19] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.78 [1.25, 2.60] mg/100g (wet weight);
