पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा pelagic-neritic; गहराई सीमा ? - 40 m (Ref. 188). Tropical; 12°N - 26°S, 64°W - 33°W (Ref. 188)
Western Atlantic: Trinidad and the Guianas; from Sergipe south to about Rio de Janeiro. Also found in freshwater. Also southern Brazil (Ref. 26938).
आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 125970); common length : 12.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 114.60 g (Ref. 125970)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 70 - 85. Belly with a keel of scutes, but interrupted below pectoral fin base; scutes 7 or 8, then a gap, followed by 10 to 13, the outer edges of scutes smooth and not serrated. Upper jaw broad at midpoint, tapering posteriorly, the tip reaching or surpassing gill opening; no hypo-maxilla. Pectoral fins large; dorsal fin very small, set far back on body; anal fin long (Ref. 188). Sides of head silvery (Ref. 37032).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs inshore, off river mouths, in estuaries, and some distance up rivers in freshwater (e.g., up Coppename River near Wilhelmina Mts, Suriname). Found over sand and mud bottom (Ref. 5217). Possibly spawns in rivers. Utilized as a food fish at some localities (Ref. 5217).
जीवन चक्र और संभोग व्यवहार
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | उपजाऊपन | लार्वा
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Harmless
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
पसंदीदा तापमान (संदर्भ
123201): 24.9 - 27.8, mean 27.3 °C (based on 84 cells).
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00272 - 0.00531), b=3.04 (2.95 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.35).
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
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पोषक तत्व (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 195 [123, 416] mg/100g; Iron = 1.5 [0.9, 2.5] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.0, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.128, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 34 [16, 75] μg/100g; VitaminA = 48 [18, 117] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.77 [1.23, 2.44] mg/100g (wet weight);
