Myxine glutinosa, Atlantic hagfish

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Myxine glutinosa Linnaeus, 1758

Atlantic hagfish
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Native range
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Myxine glutinosa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Myxine glutinosa
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Myxini (slijmprikken) (hagfishes) > Myxiniformes (Hagfishes) > Myxinidae (Hagfishes) > Myxininae
Etymology: Myxine: Ancient Greek word for a slimy fish: myxa, slime; -inus, one who, referring to copious amounts of slime produced by M. glutinosa (See ETYFish)glutinosa: Latin for viscous or sticky, referring to its seeming ability to turn water into slime (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien bathydemersaal; standvastig; diepte 20 - 1200 m (Ref. 117245), usually 27 - 460 m (Ref. 119696). Boreal; 2°C - 13°C (Ref. 119696); 72°N - 24°N, 89°W - 41°E

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North Atlantic: Murmansk to the Mediterranean Sea; Greenland to USA. Absent in eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Only hagfish in the Northeast Atlantic.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 95.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 119696); common length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 35388); common length :40 cm TL (female)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Jawless mouth, single nasal aperture, only a single pair of external gill openings, no operculum or covering fold of skin. Grayish or reddish brown above, either plain. Variations in color correspond to the color of the sea bottom.
Body shape (shape guide): eel-like.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Benthic with reported depths to 782 off Greenland; 960 m in Northwestern Atlantic; and 1,100 m off Norway (Ref. 119696). Found on muddy bottoms where they hide in the mud. Slime is used for defense. Feeds chiefly on dead and dying fish of varying species by boring into the body and consuming viscera and musculature. Chiefly nocturnal. Its eggs are few in number about 19-30 and large (20-25 mm), the horny shell has a cluster of anchor-tipped filaments at each end.

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Copulatory organ absent. The gonads of hagfishes are situated in the peritoneal cavity. The ovary is found in the anterior portion of the gonad, and the testis is found in the posterior part. The animal becomes female if the cranial part of the gonad develops or male if the caudal part undergoes differentiation. If none develops, then the animal becomes sterile. If both anterior and posterior parts develop, then the animal becomes a functional hermaphrodite. However, hermaphroditism being characterised as functional needs to be validated by more reproduction studies (Ref. 51361 ). Probably breed throughout the year in deep water (Ref. 35388).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Fernholm, B., 1998. Hagfish systematics. p. 33-44. In J.M. Jørgensen, J.P. Lomholt, R.E. Weber and H. Malte (eds.) The biology of hagfishes. Chapman & Hall, London. 578 p. (Ref. 31276)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 November 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van geen belang
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Gewenste temperatuur (Ref. 123201): 1 - 10.2, mean 5.3 °C (based on 550 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00115 (0.00045 - 0.00294), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Fec= 20-30).
Prior r = 0.10, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.15, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (58 of 100). 🛈
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.79 [2.08, 25.45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.095, 0.782] mg/100g; Protein = 2.26 [0.00, 6.14] %; Omega3 = 0.301 [0.116, 0.790] g/100g; Selenium = 18.8 [5.5, 64.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11 [2, 52] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.281 [0.133, 0.569] mg/100g (wet weight);