Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; sötvatten; brackvatten bottenlevande; havsvandrande; djupintervall ? - 800 m (Ref. 100719), usually ? - 300 m (Ref. 9942). Subtropical; 47°N - 4°S, 30°E - 143°E (Ref. 54598)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf, west coast of India, and Sri Lanka to Fiji and Tuvalu (Ref. 12596), north to Japan and Korea, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Migrated to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal (Ref. 6724).
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 559); common length : 80.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); rapporterad maxålder: 15 år (Ref. 72462)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Ryggkotor: 145 - 159. Snout long; eye diameter 2-2.5 times in snout length; posterior nostrils much closer to eyes than to anterior nostrils; mouth very large; teeth generally large and conspicuous (Ref. 4832). Head broader, interorbital about 8 times in head; lateral-line pores before anus 44-47; dorsal-fin rays before anus 66-78; vertebrae 145-159 (Ref. 9830).
Body shape (shape guide): eel-like.
Occurs from the littoral zone to the upper bathy-benthic region (Ref. 9942, 11230). Inhabits soft bottoms (Ref. 11230), also found in estuaries. Sometimes enters freshwater environment (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small bottom fishes and crustaceans. Captured and cultured for fishery in Japan. Marketed mainly fresh (Ref. 7238). Also used as bait for shark fishing (Ref. 2872). Also caught by bag (dol) nets. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiellt viktig; Vattenbruk: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; bete: occasionally
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 11.6 - 23.2, mean 17.4 °C (based on 401 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00427 (0.00165 - 0.01106), b=3.07 (2.86 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (Tmax=15; K=0.19-0.33; Min Rel Fec=153).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [16.9, 59.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.831 [0.484, 1.436] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.339 [0.157, 0.993] g/100g; Selenium = 66.3 [35.3, 123.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.96 [2.12, 22.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.295, 0.612] mg/100g (wet weight);
