分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 50 - ? m (Ref. 89707). 亞熱帶的; 32°N - 10°S, 117°W - 77°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: southern California in the USA to Peru, including Revillagigedo, Clipperton and the Galapagos islands. It is the most abundant small grouper in the northern Gulf of California.
東太平洋: 南加州在那美國到祕魯，包括雷維拉吉哥多島, 克利珀頓島與加拉巴哥群島。 它是在加州灣北部中最豐富的小鱸科魚類。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89707); 最大體重: 22.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 18; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Distinguished by the following characteristics: generally pale reddish brown covered with numerous dark brown spots; 5 faint oblique dark bars on body; body depth less than head length, 2.6-3.0 times in SL; head length 2.3-2.5 times in SL; shallow notch above the angle of preopercle, serrae at angle slightly enlarged; slightly convex upper edge of operculum; subequal posterior and anterior nostrils; pelvic fins shorter than pectoral fins and their origin below or behind lower end of pectoral fin base; rounded caudal fin; ctenoid midlateral-body scales, with numerous auxiliary scales (Ref. 089707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Abundant in patch reefs where it is readily caught by anglers. Inhabits depths of at least 50 m (Ref. 089707). Feeds mainly on crustaceans and fishes on rocky and sandy bottoms. During winter, it moves closer to the shore where it feeds heavily on swarms of pelagic red crab Pleuroncodes planipes.
豐富的在礁坪在那裡它是被輕易地捕獲的垂釣者。 在岩質與砂質底部上主要吃甲殼動物和魚類。 在冬天期間，它移動更靠近海岸在那裡它吃經常捕食大洋性紅色的螃蟹 Pleuroncodes planipes 的成群.
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 南加州在那美國到祕魯，包括雷維拉吉哥多島, 克利珀頓島與加拉巴哥群島。 它是在加州灣北部中最豐富的小鱸科魚類。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 09 December 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00555 - 0.02374), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.8 ±0.64 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=2-4).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.5 [3.8, 23.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.403 [0.204, 0.850] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [17.6, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.172 [0.094, 0.319] g/100g; Selenium = 24.6 [11.9, 50.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 76.9 [18.4, 304.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.739 [0.489, 1.109] mg/100g (wet weight);
