分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 868 m (Ref. 58496), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 4701). 極; 3°C - 11°C (Ref. 127841); 80°N - 32°N, 95°W - 49°E
Western Atlantic: Nunavut, Hudson Bay to James Bay and Labrador in Canada to New Jersey in USA; rarely to Chesapeake Bay in USA and Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Barents Sea, Iceland and Greenland to Spain (Ref. 4701).
西大西洋: Nunavut, 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58426); 42.9 cm SL (female); 最大體重: 9.5 kg (Ref. 4701); 最大體重: 9.5 kg; 最大年齡: 13 年 (Ref. 54207)
背棘 (總數) : 5 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 11; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10; 脊椎骨: 28 - 29. First dorsal fin present but covered by thick layer of skin forming a characteristic high crest with embedded spines. Bony tubercles present, arranged in 3 widely separated rows of large flattened tubercles on each side of body. Gill openings large, extend- extending below level of upper pectoral fin ray. Pyloric present 36-79. Ventral sucking disc formed by the modified pelvic fin (Ref. 232).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: angular.
第一背鰭呈現但是被形成一個獨特的高冠的皮膚的厚層有深嵌的棘蓋著。 多骨的小瘤呈現,在身體的兩邊上排列成 3 分開很遠的列大的平小瘤。 鰓裂大的, 延伸- 向下延伸上面胸鰭鰭條的水平。 幽門的呈現 36-79. 腹面吸盤由變異的腹鰭形成了。 (參考文獻 232)
Basically solitary rather than a schooling fish. They exhibit a homing instinct (Ref. 9737). Adults inhabit rocky bottoms but may occur among floating seaweed. They migrate considerable distances in an annual cycle between deeper waters in winter and shallower waters in summer (Ref. 26141). Maximum depth reported at 868 m (Ref. 58426). Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles are found among algal clumps in bays and fjords moving offshore as they mature (Ref. 96431). During the spawning season the males become reddish in color on the underside, whereas females turn blue-green. Adults feed on ctenophores, medusas, small crustaceans, polychaetes, jelly fish and small fishes. Valued for their eggs, which make an inexpensive caviar (Ref. 9988). Eaten in Nordic countries, marketed fresh or smoked. Male flesh is most demanded and roe is sold fresh (Ref. 35388).
基本上獨居性而不是一個群游性魚。 展現歸巢的本能.(參考文獻 9737) 棲息於岩石底部但是可能出現在漂浮的海草之中。 在夏天在較深的水域冬天時和較水淺的水域之間的一個一年一次的周期迴游相當多的距離。 (參考文獻 26141) 最大的深度在 868 公尺報告。 (參考文獻 58426) 淺海底棲-大洋性.(參考文獻 58426) 在產卵季節的時候，雄魚在下面上變成淡紅顏色, 然而母魚是藍綠色。 吃櫛水母，水母，小型甲殼動物，多毛類動物，水母與小魚。 重要的是他們的卵., 製造一個便宜的魚子醬.(參考文獻 9988) 在被在市場上銷售新鮮或燻製的北歐人的國家被吃。 雄性肉是需求最多，而且魚白生鮮地被賣。 (參考文獻 35388)
Eggs are laid in large numbers on stony bottoms (Ref. 9900). Male guards egg-mass aggressively.西大西洋: Nunavut, 到在美國的加拿大到紐澤西州的詹姆士海灣與拉布拉多的哈得遜灣; 很少地到美國的切薩皮克海灣與百慕達群島。 東大西洋: 巴倫支海，冰島與格陵蘭到西班牙.(參考文獻 4701)
Stein, D.L., 1986. Cyclopteridae. p. 1269-1274. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. III. (Ref. 4701)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 誘餌: usually
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 0.6 - 11.4, mean 7.1 °C (based on 732 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01101 - 0.06285), b=2.99 (2.77 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.12; tm=3-5; tmax=13; Fec=100,000).
Prior r = 0.15, 95% CL = 0.10 - 0.22, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14 [4, 76] mg/100g; Iron = 0.419 [0.153, 1.089] mg/100g; Protein = 14 [11, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.423 [0.162, 1.406] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [8.8, 69.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.4 [2.4, 72.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.52 [0.20, 0.90] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
