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Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) >
Ophidiidae (Cusk-eels) > Brotulinae
Etymology: Brotula: Latin, brotula, -ae = little, bud, shoot (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Frances Naomi Clark (1894–1987) was the only woman in the male-dominated field of marine biology. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Hubbs.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser benthopelagisch; tiefenbereich ? - 650 m (Ref. 34024), usually 40 - 75 m (Ref. 36413). Tropical; 25°N - 6°S
Eastern Central Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 75.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 115 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 55763); common length : 45.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 55763)
Kurzbeschreibung
Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 108 - 118; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 78 - 89; Wirbelzahl: 55 - 56. Body completely covered with small, imbricate, cycloid scales; barbels present on snout (6) and chin (6); branchiostegal rays 8; median basibranchial tooth patch absent; developed gill rakers on first arch 4 or fewer; pelvic fin rays inserted at about level of preopercle, well behind eye (Ref. 34024).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults benthopelagic to 650 m depth, juveniles common on reefs (Ref. 34024). At depths of about 40-75 m, adults are found deep on mud and broken shell bottom (Ref. 36413). Smaller silvery specimens taken far out at sea in the epipelagic (Ref. 34024). Caught occasionally (Ref. 34024). Oviparous, with late post-flexion and transformation stage larvae found in midwater (Ref. 36413). Oval, pelagic eggs float in a gelatinous mass (Ref. 205).
Oviparous, with no specialized copulatory organ (Ref. 36413).
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.2, mean 19.4 °C (based on 24 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00355 (0.00199 - 0.00632), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.38, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.57, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 56.5 [31.2, 137.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.759 [0.396, 1.366] mg/100g; Protein = 16.2 [13.7, 18.7] %; Omega3 = 0.202 [0.105, 0.413] g/100g; Selenium = 151 [68, 350] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.9 [3.5, 39.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.728 [0.481, 1.126] mg/100g (wet weight);
