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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Forsskål.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 1 - 120 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 16°C - 30°C (Ref. 2060); 39°N - 35°S, 26°E - 134°W (Ref. 54571)
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Samoa and the Line Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia. Has dispersed into the eastern Mediterranean (off Lebanon) via the Suez Canal but not well established there.
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 57.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3678); common length : 80.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 55); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 12.0 kg (Ref. 132370); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 31 वर्षो (Ref. 82366)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 13 - 14; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body moderately deep, greatest depth 2.3 - 2.7 in SL; preopercular notch poorly developed; vomerine tooth patch crescentic; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-8 + 9-12 = 16-20 (including rudiments); scale rows on back more or less parallel to lateral line, or parallel below spinous part of dorsal fin and sometimes rising obliquely posteriorly, or rarely with entirely oblique rows. Colour of the body generally greenish brown on back, grading to reddish; belly silvery or whitish (deep water specimens usually overall reddish); juveniles with a series of about 8 white and streaks 2 blue across cheeks (Ref. 9821, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
A euryhaline species (Ref. 12743). Juveniles and young adults occur in mangrove estuaries, the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 30573, 48635, 44894) and tidal creeks (Ref. 44894). Adults are often found in groups around coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Eventually migrate offshore to deeper reef areas, sometimes penetrating to depths in excess of 100 m. Mainly nocturnal, this species feeds mostly on fishes and crustaceans. Excellent food fish (Ref. 5484, 44894). An important market species throughout the Indo-Pacific region, but never found in large quantities. A good aquaculture species because it doesn’t get rancid easily when frozen (Ref. 47992). It commands a good export market price with no limit on body size (Ref. 47992). No reported damaging diseases (Ref. 47992). Found in Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). Caught mainly with handlines, bottom longlines, and trawls; marketed mostly fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9821). Maximum length is 104 cm, max weight 14.5 kg and max age 39 years for specimens from the east coast of Australia (pers. comm., Andrew McDougall, 2007).
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31637)
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
पसंदीदा तापमान (संदर्भ
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 2180 cells).
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01351 - 0.01695), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): बहुत नीचे, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 14 महीने। (K=0.19; tmax=31; tm=4-5; Fec=250,000).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.76, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
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जलवायु भेद्यता (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
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पोषक तत्व (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.7 [6.2, 19.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.299 [0.169, 0.563] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [17.9, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.182 [0.103, 0.321] g/100g; Selenium = 40.6 [19.2, 86.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 58.9 [10.1, 305.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.253 [0.175, 0.398] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
