分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.
環境： 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 pelagic-oceanic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 550 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的; 61°N - 52°S, 99°E - 70°W
North Pacific: Gulf of Alaska to southern California and Baja California and from Sakhalin Island in the southern Sea of Okhotsk south to northern Philippines. There are four substantiated records of this subspecies in the southern hemisphere: off Western Australia, southeast Pacific (37°11'S, 114°41'W) and Gulf of Papua (Ref. 10997). The species occurs mainly in the northern Pacific but ventures into New Zealand waters for at least three months during spring and early summer (Ref. 83312).
北太平洋: 阿拉斯加灣到南加州與下加利福尼亞而且從鄂霍次克海南方的薩哈林島南至菲律賓北部。 有這一個亞種的四個證實的紀錄在南半球: 外海的西澳大利亞，太平洋 (37 ° 11'S,114 ° 41' W) 東南部與巴布亞灣.(參考文獻 10997)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9340); common length : 200 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9340); 最大體重: 450.0 kg (Ref. 47525); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 83312)
Mean number of gill rakers 35.9. First ventrally directed parapophysis on vertebra number 8. Dorsal wall of body cavity has a narrow bulge with lateral concavity and wide lateral trough. Caudal keels dark.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
鰓耙 35.9 的平均數. 第一個在 8 號脊椎骨上朝向下的椎體橫突。 體腔的背部牆壁有一個狹窄的凸起，側面的凹窪與寬的側線槽。 尾部的龍骨脊深色的。
Epipelagic, usually oceanic, but seasonally coming close to shore (Ref. 168). Tolerates ample temperature intervals (Ref. 168). Forms schools by size, sometimes with other scombrids (Ref. 168). Migrates between June and September in a northward direction along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and California (Ref. 168). A voracious predator that feeds on a wide variety of small schooling fishes and squids, also on crabs crabs and to a lesser degree on sessile organisms (Ref. 168). Marketed fresh and frozen.
表層帶, 通常大洋性的, 但是季節性地接近海岸.(參考文獻 168) 容忍大的溫度範圍。 (參考文獻 168) 依大小形成魚群, 有時有其他的鯖科魚類.(參考文獻 168) 在一個被沿著墨西哥的下加利福尼亞與加州的海岸向北的中在六月與九月之間迴游。 (參考文獻 168) 一個狼吞虎嚥的掠食者捕食各式各樣的小群游性魚或烏賊, 也螃蟹與少數固著生物.(參考文獻 168) 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍。
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北太平洋: 阿拉斯加灣到南加州與下加利福尼亞而且從鄂霍次克海南方的薩哈林島南至菲律賓北部。 有這一個亞種的四個證實的紀錄在南半球: 外海的西澳大利亞，太平洋 (37 ° 11'S,114 ° 41' W) 東南部與巴布亞灣.(參考文獻 10997)
Collette, B.B., 1995. Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 January 2021
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 13.9 - 28.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 983 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00641 - 0.02973), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 10.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15; tm=3-5; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.38, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).
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氣候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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營養素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [10.0, 32.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.32 [0.96, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 24.2 [22.7, 25.5] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.246, 0.662] g/100g; Selenium = 42.6 [16.1, 118.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [2.9, 199.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.211, 0.717] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
